Formula
Taxable income = gross income − adjustments − deductionTax = Σ (income in each bracket × that bracket's rate) − creditsEffective rate = tax ÷ gross income How it works
This calculator uses the 2026 federal income tax brackets and standard deductions published by the IRS, which reflect the tax law passed in 2025. The seven rates — 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37% — are unchanged, while the income thresholds rise with inflation. For 2026 the standard deduction is $16,100 for single filers, $32,200 for married couples filing jointly and $24,150 for heads of household.
The U.S. system is progressive: each rate only applies to the slice of income inside its bracket. A single filer with $60,000 of taxable income pays 10% on the first $12,400, 12% on the next $38,000, and 22% only on the part above $50,400. The step-by-step breakdown shows each slice.
Your marginal rate is the rate on your next dollar, which is what matters for decisions like contributing to a 401(k) or taking extra work. Your effective rate — total tax divided by income — is always lower, and is the better measure of your overall tax burden.
This is an estimate for ordinary income only, not tax advice. It does not handle long-term capital gains and qualified dividends (taxed at 0%, 15% or 20%), self-employment tax, the alternative minimum tax, phase-outs of credits, or newer deductions such as those for tips, overtime and seniors.
Frequently asked questions
Will a raise push me into a higher bracket and lower my pay?
No. Only the dollars above the bracket threshold are taxed at the higher rate. Your take-home pay always rises with a raise, just a little less per dollar.
Should I itemize or take the standard deduction?
Take whichever is larger. Itemizing usually only wins if your mortgage interest, state and local taxes (subject to the SALT cap) and charitable gifts add up to more than the standard deduction.
What is the difference between a deduction and a credit?
A deduction lowers taxable income, so it saves you your marginal rate times the amount. A credit lowers the tax itself dollar for dollar — a $1,000 credit saves $1,000.